CAPA - Corrective and Preventive Action

CAPA – Corrective And Preventive Action

A Roadmap for an Effective CAPA System to Identify and Solve Compliance Problems for Continuous Improvement of Business Operations

A systematic approach for improving your company’s processes by mitigating the risks of
undesirable events and non-conformities

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What is CAPA (Corrective Action, Preventive Action)?

CAPA (Corrective Action, Preventive Action) is a methodological strategy for mitigating risks and improving processes, identifying the sources of actual or potential issues and their root causes, planning solutions for those problems, and documenting the solution so that similar issues don’t occur in the future. CAPA is a way to improve the company’s processes by taking a series of actions that eliminate the recurring events and causes of non-conformities. The major intent of a CAPA system is to focus on the root causes of particular problems and risks so that there won’t be a need for either corrective action or preventive action in the future.

How to do Corrective and Preventive Action?

Dealing with customer complaints and non-conformances is the backbone for rectifying problems but organizations can now reinforce the process throughout the digitally connected enterprise by managing CAPAs in real-time and ensuring stakeholders take impactful, proper actions.

A general Corrective and Preventive Action (CAPA) process follows the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle to resolve unexpected events. The first process will be the identification phase where you will identify non-conformities in your processes and determine what kind of problem you are looking at. Non-conformities may be determined during an internal or external audit, through customer complaints, or if reported internally.

In case of systemic issues, Corrective Action is needed to eliminate a problem and prevent its recurrence while for non systemic issues, Preventive Action is required to reduce the risks of this adverse event occurring.

You can use numerous techniques to improve your Corrective Action, Preventive Action approach. Root Cause Analysis (RCA) is an analytical method that helps identify and rectify the sources of potential problems. Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is another effective element of a proactive approach, that provides input for your CAPA activities. APQP (Advanced Product Quality Planning) is generally used in the automotive industry to drive quality improvement in mobility end products. The 5 Whys-technique is also useful in detecting the cause-and-effect relationships inducing a particular problem.

Process of Corrective and Preventive Action

Corrective and Preventive Action (CAPA) process helps an organization to analyze and collect relevant product-related information, investigate and identify product and quality problems, and trigger appropriate and effective corrective or preventive actions to eliminate a problem and prevent its recurrence. CAPA has two different components, corrective action and preventive action. Corrective action is used to address systemic non-conformities when they occur while preventive actions address the risk of non-conformities that are likely to happen. An efficient and compliant CAPA system needs a set of data in order to identify the problems, implement solutions, and document the outcome and further changes. It is important for employees at all levels, from top management to the floor personnel, to understand the process of CAPA and its importance for an effective system.

The initial phase is called identification that collects the information from the event including the following elements:

What is the event?
What is involved in that event?
Where is the event seen?
When did the event happen?

The second phase of the CAPA system is the evaluation phase, a very important phase as it also classifies what is, and is not, affected by the event such as:

Is it affecting customer safety?
Is it having an impact on regulatory documents?
Is this affecting documentation or product design and materials or product performance?
Has this event appeared before?

Answers to all these questions provide the basis for the impact assessment of the event to assign a risk level to the event (high, medium, low).

Once the event has been identified and evaluated, this can be investigated. So, the investigation is the third process in the CAPA system used to determine the root cause as well as identify corrective actions.

The fourth step in the Corrective and Preventive Action system is Appropriate Resolution Plans, having three main categories:

Correction: A resolution to an existing problem usually occurs right after the event is identified in order to fix the immediate problem.
Corrective Action: A resolution to prevent the reoccurrence of a problem that will address the root cause identified in the investigation.
Preventive Action: A resolution to prevent the occurrence of a problem.

Once the Resolution Plans are determined, they should be completed on time.

Implementation is the fifth step of the CAPA system where teamwork is needed depending on the scope of the resolutions. All resolution plans must be documented and these results must also be reviewed and approved by appropriate quality management to ensure compliance.

The final step of the CAPA system is the effectiveness check to make sure the action is appropriate for the root cause and prevents events in the future. Effectiveness checks involve the review of event data, conducting audits of affected products, materials, or equipment, etc.

Requirements of CAPA

CAPA requirements are not only a regulatory requirement, they also make great business sense for life science industries. Companies must ensure that the corrective actions involve both short-term actions to address the immediate problem and long-term actions to prevent the recurrence of a problem. To successfully manage the CAPA system, companies need to streamline their procedures, filter and prioritize the corrective and preventive actions. Top management must allocate proper resources to find out and eliminate the root causes of recurring problems. There are many complex CAPA issues found in non-routine channels like customer surveys. Companies have to identify and fix the problems before they trigger an FDA warning letter. By avoiding the root causes of recurring problems, companies will benefit in two ways: meeting the regulatory expectations as well as business requirements.

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How to make CAPA sustainable with ComplianceQuest?

The CAPA system is the foundation for a QMS System and a key driver for quality improvements. The CAPA system feeds the quality system to enhance processes, procedures, and business in a structured, actionable and well-documented way. There is a strong connection between operational excellence and quality because a well-established CAPA system will lead to a higher ROI and benefits for the business, such as:

Better customer satisfaction, safety and security
Improved productivity and better product quality
Lower cost of regulatory non-compliance (fines, penalties)

In today’s rapidly changing world, many companies have realized that how a quality system is monitored and maintained is crucial to its effectiveness. ComplianceQuest’s CAPA Management Solution integrates with other quality processes to collaboratively implement action plans and verify the effectiveness of a CAPA.

The risk-based Corrective and Preventive Action (CAPA) requirements need a properly-documented system that defines the root cause of non-conformances, system outages or process problems, rectifies the problems, and prevents them from recurring. CQ’s CAPA Management Solution is integrated with risk management to provide you more insight into risk detection and corresponding prioritization with appropriate action plans.

CQ’s CAPA Management Solution also helps reduce the Cost of Quality (CoQ) within your organization to improve product quality by implementing a continuously improving QMS system

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CAPA (Corrective and Preventive Action)?

CAPA is an acronym for Corrective and Preventive action, for continually improving processes and eliminating causes of product non-conformities and other undesirable scenarios.
For any organization, a robust CAPA process is essential to address systemic issues and drive continuous improvement of your business operations. ComplianceQuest’s CAPA Management Software uses predictive analytics and intelligence to identify and initiate a corrective or preventive action process, detect trends, conduct or connect to an existing investigation and root cause analysis (RCA), define action plans to change or improve, and ensure effectiveness checks with an organized verification and closure. CQ enables implementing an efficient preventive action plan to reduce risks.

What is the importance of CAPA?

CAPA is a complete structured system with a lifecycle made up of six different phases. The CAPA system provides not only the means for the identification, evaluation, and investigation of a deviation, but also the tools to determine, implement, and check effectiveness of a resolution. This phase-based system provides a systematic approach to review the quality system data including the following benefits:

resolved quality issues
less rework and scrap
reduced customer complaints
promotion of continuous improvement
a uniform method for problem-solving
ensure that regulatory requirements and business needs are met